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Inflammation is an unstable state. It either resolves or persists. Why inflammation persists and the factors that define tissue tropism remain obscure. Increasing evidence suggests that tissue-resident stromal cells not only provide positional memory but also actively regulate the differential accumulation of inflammatory cells within inflamed tissues. Furthermore, at many sites of chronic inflammation, structures that mimic secondary lymphoid tissues are observed, suggesting that chronic inflammation and lymphoid tissue formation share common activation programs. Similarly, blood and lymphatic endothelial cells contribute to tissue homeostasis and disease persistence in chronic inflammation. This review highlights our increasing understanding of the role of stromal cells in inflammation and summarizes the novel immunological role that stromal cells exert in the persistence of inflammatory diseases.

Original publication

DOI

10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120252

Type

Journal article

Journal

Annu Rev Immunol

Publication Date

2015

Volume

33

Pages

715 - 745

Keywords

chronic inflammation, fibroblast, persistence, stromal cells, Animals, Cell Communication, Chronic Disease, Humans, Inflammation, Lymphoid Tissue, Organogenesis, Phenotype, Stromal Cells