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Immunomodulatory Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) form a heterogeneous population consisting of subsets with different activation states, migratory properties and suppressive functions. Recently, expression of the IL-33 receptor ST2 was shown on Tregs in inflammatory settings. Here we report that ST2 expression identifies highly activated Tregs in mice even under homeostatic conditions. ST2+ Tregs preferentially accumulate at non-lymphoid sites, likely mediated by their high expression of several chemokine receptors facilitating tissue homing. ST2+ Tregs exhibit a Th2-biased character, expressing GATA-3 and producing the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 -especially in response to IL-33. Yet, IL-33 is dispensable for the generation and maintenance of these cells in vivo. Furthermore, ST2+ Tregs are superior to ST2- Tregs in suppressing CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro independent of IL-33. This higher suppressive capacity is partially mediated by enhanced production and activation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ. Thus, ST2 expression identifies a highly activated, strongly suppressive Treg subset preferentially located in non-lymphoid tissues. Here ST2+ Tregs may be well positioned to immediately react to IL-33 alarm signals. Their specific properties may render ST2+ Tregs useful targets for immunomodulatory therapies.

Original publication

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0161507

Type

Journal article

Journal

PLoS One

Publication Date

2016

Volume

11

Keywords

Animals, Cell Lineage, Cell Proliferation, GATA3 Transcription Factor, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunophenotyping, Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-13, Interleukin-33, Interleukin-5, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Transforming Growth Factor beta