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UNLABELLED: Due to its ability to inhibit prometastatic matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 has been thought to suppress tumor metastasis. However, elevated systemic levels of TIMP-1 correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients, suggesting a metastasis-stimulating role of TIMP-1. In colorectal cancer patients, tumor as well as plasma TIMP-1 levels were correlated with synchronous liver metastasis or distant metastasis-associated disease relapse. In mice, high systemic TIMP-1 levels increased the liver susceptibility towards metastasis by triggering the formation of a premetastatic niche. This promoted hepatic metastasis independent of origin or intrinsic metastatic potential of tumor cells. High systemic TIMP-1 led to increased hepatic SDF-1 levels, which in turn promoted recruitment of neutrophils to the liver. Both inhibition of SDF-1-mediated neutrophil recruitment and systemic depletion of neutrophils reduced TIMP-1-induced increased liver susceptibility towards metastasis. This indicates a crucial functional role of neutrophils in the TIMP-1-induced premetastatic niche. CONCLUSION: Our results identify TIMP-1 as an essential promoter of hepatic premetastatic niche formation.

Original publication

DOI

10.1002/hep.27378

Type

Journal article

Journal

Hepatology

Publication Date

01/2015

Volume

61

Pages

238 - 248

Keywords

Animals, Carcinoma, Cell Line, Tumor, Chemokine CXCL12, Humans, Liver, Liver Neoplasms, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, NIH 3T3 Cells, Neutrophil Infiltration, Receptors, CXCR4, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1