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Chronic viral infections are widespread among humans, with ∼8-12 chronic viral infections per individual, and there is epidemiological proof that these impair heterologous immunity. We studied the impact of chronic LCMV infection on the phenotype and function of memory bystander CD8+ T cells. Active chronic LCMV infection had a profound effect on total numbers, phenotype, and function of memory bystander T cells in mice. The phenotypic changes included up-regulation of markers commonly associated with effector and exhausted cells and were induced by IL-6 in a STAT1-dependent manner in the context of chronic virus infection. Furthermore, bystander CD8 T cell functions were reduced with respect to their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines and to undergo secondary expansion upon cognate antigen challenge with major cell-extrinsic contributions responsible for the diminished memory potential of bystander CD8+ T cells. These findings open new perspectives for immunity and vaccination during chronic viral infections.

Original publication

DOI

10.1084/jem.20181589

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Exp Med

Publication Date

04/03/2019

Volume

216

Pages

571 - 586

Keywords

Animals, Bystander Effect, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Chronic Disease, Female, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Immunologic Memory, Interleukin-6, Lectins, C-Type, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, Perforin, Receptors, Immunologic, STAT1 Transcription Factor