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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) belong to the metzincin superfamily of metalloproteinases and they play key roles in extracellular matrix catabolism, activation and inactivation of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other proteinases at the cell surface and within the extracellular matrix. Their activities are tightly regulated in a number of ways, such as transcriptional regulation, proteolytic activation and interaction with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Here, we highlight recent studies that have illustrated novel mechanisms regulating the extracellular activity of these enzymes. These include allosteric activation of metalloproteinases by molecules that bind outside the active site, modulation of location and activity by interaction with cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules, and endocytic clearance from the extracellular milieu by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1).

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.007

Type

Journal article

Journal

Matrix Biol

Publication Date

05/2015

Volume

44-46

Pages

255 - 263

Keywords

Endocytosis, Extracellular matrix, Metalloproteinase, Metzincin, TIMP, ADAM Proteins, Allosteric Regulation, Binding Sites, Cell Membrane, Enzyme Activation, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Humans, Matrix Metalloproteinases