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Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) commonly results in neurologic disease called the AIDS dementia complex. Neuronal loss and injury have been found in the HIV brain, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque is an excellent animal model for HIV infection, but neuronal loss has not been demonstrated. To determine whether neuronal damage occurs in the SIV brain, we quantified the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate (NAA) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in brain extracts of control and SIV-infected macaques and correlated these findings with histologic analyses. We found reduced NAA in the SIV-infected animals compared with controls (2.94 +/- 1.37 versus 6.21 +/- 1.73 micromol/g of wet weight; p = 0.004). A significant decrease in NAA was also found in SIV-infected animals sacrificed in the acute stages of infection 9 or 10 days after inoculation with SIVmacYnef. We conclude that SIV infection of rhesus macaques results in neuronal damage that is demonstrable shortly after infection and that 1H-MRS may be used to measure such injury. The results further support the SIV macaque as a useful model to study the mechanisms of neuropathogenesis by HIV.

Original publication

DOI

10.1097/00042560-199705010-00004

Type

Journal article

Journal

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association

Publication Date

05/1997

Volume

15

Pages

21 - 27

Addresses

NMR Center and Neuroradiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA.

Keywords

Brain, Animals, Macaca mulatta, Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Choline, Creatine, Aspartic Acid, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Brain Chemistry