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Autophagy is a constitutive lysosomal catabolic pathway that degrades damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal, pluripotency, and quiescence; their long life span, limited capacity to dilute cellular waste and spent organelles due to quiescence, along with their requirement for remodeling in order to differentiate, all suggest that they require autophagy more than other cell types. Here, we review the current literature on the role of autophagy in embryonic and adult stem cells, including hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and neuronal stem cells, highlighting the diverse and contrasting roles autophagy plays in their biology. Furthermore, we review the few studies on stem cells, lysosomal activity, and autophagy. Novel techniques to detect autophagy in primary cells are required to study autophagy in different stem cell types. These will help to elucidate the importance of autophagy in stem cells during transplantation, a promising therapeutic approach for many diseases.

Original publication

DOI

10.1007/s00018-012-1032-3

Type

Journal article

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci

Publication Date

01/2013

Volume

70

Pages

89 - 103

Keywords

Animals, Autophagy, Cell Differentiation, Cell Proliferation, Cellular Senescence, Humans, Lysosomes, Mice, Models, Biological, Stem Cell Transplantation, Stem Cells