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UNLABELLED: Proliferation and invasion of the tenosynovial lining of tendons in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can result in tendon damage and rupture, leading to decreased hand function. Angiogenesis is an important process in rheumatoid joint disease; however, the role of angiogenesis in tendon disease is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether rheumatoid tenosynovial lining could produce angiogenic proteins, and if inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 could decrease vascular endothelial growth factor production. Samples of encapsulating and invasive tenosynovial lining taken from the same hand and wrist synovial lining were harvested from 58 patients with rheumatoid arthritis having wrist surgery. Ex vivo samples were studied to quantify vascularity, angiogenic protein production under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and the effect of inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 on vascular endothelial growth factor production. Rheumatoid tenosynovial lining was more vascular than rheumatoid joint synovial lining and produced high levels of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-1beta, fibroblast growth factor-2, and angiopoietin-2. Hypoxia induced an increase in production of vascular endothelial growth factor by ex vivo tenosynovial lining cells. Inhibition of the cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha effectively reduced vascular endothelial growth factor production by tenosynovial samples. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study. Level II (Prospective comparative study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Original publication

DOI

10.1097/01.blo.0000205909.89845.f6

Type

Journal article

Journal

Clin Orthop Relat Res

Publication Date

05/2006

Volume

446

Pages

268 - 277

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antirheumatic Agents, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Cytokines, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Infliximab, Interleukin-1, Male, Middle Aged, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Synovial Membrane, Tendons, Treatment Outcome, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A